For married individuals, the husband and wife, subject to the provision of Section 51 (D) hereof, shall compute separately their individual income tax based on their. Large Text Compression Benchmark. Matt Mahoney Last update: Nov. This competition ranks lossless data compression programs by the compressed size. Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is a common skin disease that is often associated with other atopic disorders, such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. The history of hypnosis is full of contradictions. On the one hand, a history of hypnosis is a bit like a history of breathing. Like breathing, hypnosis is an. Violet Club was the first high yield weapon deployed by the British, and was intended to provide an emergency capability until a thermonuclear weapon could be. Mobile Entertainment MOD102 POD102 POD070 VHR070-P1 VHR070-P2 Backup View Systems P1350BV P1350BVK P3350BV P3350BVH P035TFT P300BC P100BC P100LPC S050RVM : ![]() How huge a difference do DSLR cameras make. If you are a teacher searching for educational material, please visit PBS LearningMedia for a wide range of free digital resources spanning preschool through 12th grade. Name (Click on name to see Official Board Order) License # City: Docket # Date of Action: Violation: Summary: Sanction: Badamo, Maria C. Maria Badamo DVM: 12721. With Improvised Equipment and Soda Fountains. From tap water to seltzer in about a minute, at next to no cost. Why doesn't everybody have this? ![]() General Automotive Company (GNAU) Stock Message Board. Copyright . All rights reserved. Copyright . All rights reserved. Copyright . All rights reserved. Pro. Value Parts Logo. Call Toll Free: 8. Pro. Value Parts: Total customer satisfaction achieved through superior quality products supplied at a competitive price. Our current offering includes Air Mass Sensors, ABS Sensors, Cabin Filters and Air Filters for foreign and domestic applications. Pro. Value's current customer base includes manufacturers, importers, exporters, and private label accounts. Pro. Value's service is dedicated to improving business efficiency, supporting inventory management control, obtaining cost advantages, and assigning highly skilled representatives to your business. Green. Cell * home* technology* commercialization* market* development plan. ![]() A Joint Venture Green. Cell is engaged in a joint venture with Sen. Cer Inc. Green. Cell has identified multiple industries with significant commercial applications with potential revolutionary results. Some of the many applications for this technology are SOFC Fuel Cells, Igniters, Braking, Oxygen Sensors, Ceramic Heaters. One Keuka Business Park, Penn Yan, NY 1. Green. Cell Inc. Technology. Green. Cell's Core Technology: Sen. Cer Inc. Several blends have been developed with high purity oxide and carbide chemistries. These materials have exhibited excellent thermal and temperature stability as high as 1. The physical pore structure and fiber physiology have allowed an unprecedented bond when coatings of high purity oxide and metals are placed on the surface and co- fired with the composite. Ultra. Temp's unparalleled qualities enable new applications that previously have not been possible. Green. Cell's Ceramic Igniter Technology: Ultra. Temp. Not only would the materials strength and durability be superior to existing Silicon Carbide (Si. C) based igniters but it would be lower in cost to these igniters. The cost would also be much less than some of the newer offered technologies (silicon nitride - Si. N4). Since any resistance metallic ink can be tailored to the surface of Ultra. Temp. Shape dependency tied to specific ceramic technology immediately goes away and simple as well as complex shapes with intricate patterns are possible. Since coatings can be overlayed, hermetic coatings are possible and Sen. Cer Inc. These would be especially useful in any damp or corrosive environment as well as for advanced lifetime capabilities. ![]() Green. Cell's O2 Sensor Technology: Automotive Oxygen Sensor. This technology has already been used to produce a ceramic based heater similar to the commercial Japanese automotive heater as well as some first O2 circuits during a fuel cell demonstration program. The following pictures show the technology being used for the O2 sensor heater. The ceramic coating for the O2 sensor is also shown in these pictures. Finally a graph of the response of these O2 heaters is shown against the leading Japanese company. The response characteristics are identical to the current O2 heater. The proposed oxygen sensor would contain a thick film sensor containing the heater and ion conductor layer as a leaded insert. The layer would be inserted into a precut flange that would subsequently be glass bonded using a seal glass technology. This design will fit into the current thimble housing and lends itself to automated manufacturing. Green. Cell already has developed a high temperature seal coat which is stable to 1. Proprietary electrode technology is already developed to replace platinum and Sen. Cer has ink production facilities at its disposal. Padding and brazing technology is already established. The following drawings show the design and concept. Green. Cell's Fuel Cell Technology: The proposed Fuel Cell Design stack design utilizes the same basic technology as proposed for the oxygen sensor. Proof of concept has been completed through a program funded by the New York State Energy Research Agency (NYSERDA). Most of the base concept work was done during this feasibility study and we were encouraged by the results. Although final fuel cell output was not demonstrated, earlier work on an inert anode cell showed it's potential output at 2- 3 times existing technology. Further work is now needed to provide exact aging and power output data as well as to simulate the best design. The following Ultra. Temp. There are several different types of fuel cell but they are all based around a central design. The electricity produced can be used to power all sorts of devices, from cars and buses to laptops and mobile phones. The by- product heat is also used in some applications, for example to keep houses warm. What we describe as the fuel cell itself consists of a so- called fuel cell stack. A stack is basically built up of a number of individual cells. Each individual cell within this stack has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called the cathode and the anode. The reactions that produce electricity take place at the electrodes. Every fuel cell also has an electrolyte, which carries electrically charged particles from one electrode to the other, and a catalyst, which accelerates the reactions at the electrodes. The electrolyte plays a key role. It must permit only the appropriate ions to pass between the anode and cathode. If free electrons or other substances could travel through the electrolyte, they would disrupt the chemical reaction. Utilizing a New Approach to Ion conducting Materials. Concept: Sen. Cer Inc. Sen. Cer can now develop devices based upon this new technology in the oxygen sensing (automotive and medical markets), oxygen generation and power generation (fuel cell technology). This approach can inherently improve the current generation of technologies and would provide a patent protectable development in advanced ceramics. These can be classed as electrolyte supported (flat plate SOFC fuel cell, oxygen sensors) or anode supported (tubular SOFC fuel cell). Sen. Cer's New Concept. This concept has many benefits including: Controlled Thermal Properties (Expansion and Conductivity)Controlled Mechanical Properties inherent in Ultra. Temp. The process can produce any shape in an inexpensive software based production environment. Test bench systems have already been developed for oxygen sensor testing and fuel cell testing. Below is the initial complete Ultra. Temp. This helps us avoid the principle pitfall of most fuel cell companies, the fact that full commercialization is just beginning and will ramp up over the next 1. This same technology has applications in other automotive applications. We believe this technology can be available for licensing within 2 years. Green. Cell's groundbreaking technology solves the two most persistent problems in fuel cell design - cost and durability - by replacing expensive platinum conductors with co- fired proprietary ceramic conductive layers. This is a breakthrough approach, and we are pleased to position GA at the forefront of this important effort through our joint venture with Sen. Cer, which over the last 1. SOFC). We believe we can generate commercial (non- government) revenue from fuel cells within 4- 6 years. The fuel cell market is expected to deliver exponential growth over the next 1. First and foremost current technology requires the use of platinum, a very expensive material. Our design uses ceramic composites and Cermet materials instead. In addition, one of the principle problems in O2 sensor design is the cover of the tip. This is a coated metal with baffles that allow the exhaust gasses access to the sensing tip but not the full flow of gas pressure in the exhaust tube. These tips corrode and are a major cause of component failure. We can avoid this by creating an Ultra- Temp tip that is porous and resistant to the harsh conditions within the exhaust system. We can be ready to patent and protect our technology in less than 1. At that point we will show prototypes to the largest O2 sensor manufacturers and begin licensing the technology. Revenue Models Fuel Cells: Although fuel cell technology is now beginning to see genuine commercialization on a small scale, high volume demand may be as far as 1. Two of the current business models in the fuel cell industry are stack developers and IP producers. Stack developers manufacture fuel cell stacks for use by third parties. IP producers work on producing intellectual property which they lease/license to third party companies. Our model is a hybrid of both current models. We will develop and manufacture fuel cell stacks and stack components but we are also gearing to license the technology, supply the proprietary ingredients and lease the special machinery to large companies who wish to ramp up high production systems. This puts them in control of the production process and Green. Cell in control of the technology. We can then contract for both stack supply and technology transfer. In addition, Green. Cell's license gives it ownership of all future developments created under the Green. Cell umbrella. This is a significant potential revenue stream as technology developed under the Green. Cell license can be used in many applications. Platinum: One of the key economic drivers for ATCs technology is the avoidance of platinum in its designs. Here is some information from the NYMEX: . All possess unique chemical and physical qualities that make them vital industrial materials. Platinum is among the world's scarcest metals; new mine production totals approximately only 5 million troy ounces a year. In contrast, gold mine production runs approximately 8. Supplies of platinum are concentrated in South Africa, which accounts for approximately 8. Russia, 1. 1%; and North America, 6%. Because of the metal's importance as an industrial material, its relatively low production, and concentration among a few suppliers, prices can be volatile. It is expected that a rapid commercialization of the Ultra. Lemur - Wikipedia. Lemurs (i. LEE- m. The word lemur derives from the word lemures (ghosts or spirits) from Roman mythology and was first used to describe a slender loris due to its nocturnal habits and slow pace, but was later applied to the primates on Madagascar. As with other strepsirrhine primates, such as lorises, pottos, and galagos (bush babies), lemurs share resemblance with basal primates. In this regard, lemurs are often confused with ancestral primates, when in actuality, lemurs did not give rise to monkeys and apes, but evolved independently. Due to Madagascar's highly seasonal climate, lemur evolution has produced a level of species diversity rivaling that of any other primate group. Until shortly after humans arrived on the island around 2,0. Today, there are nearly 1. Even the higher- level taxonomy is disputed, with some experts preferring to place most lemurs within the infraorder. Lemuriformes, while others prefer Lemuriformes to contain all living strepsirrhines, placing all lemurs in superfamily. Lemuroidea and all lorises and galagos in the superfamily Lorisoidea. However, their brain- to- body size ratio is smaller than that of anthropoid primates, and among many other traits they share with other strepsirrhine primates, they have a . Lemurs are generally the most social of the strepsirrhine primates and communicate more with scents and vocalizations than with visual signals. Many lemur adaptations are in response to Madagascar's highly seasonal environment. Lemurs have relatively low basal metabolic rates and may exhibit seasonal breeding, dormancy (such as hibernation or torpor), or female social dominance. Most eat a wide variety of fruits and leaves, while some are specialists. Although many share similar diets, different species of lemur share the same forests by differentiating niches. Lemur research during the 1. Although field observations trickled in from early explorers, modern studies of lemur ecology and behavior did not begin in earnest until the 1. Initially hindered by political instability and turmoil on Madagascar during the mid- 1. Research facilities like the Duke Lemur Center have provided research opportunities under more controlled settings. Lemurs are important for research because their mix of ancestral characteristics and traits shared with anthropoid primates can yield insights on primate and human evolution. However, many lemur species are threatened with extinction due to habitat loss and hunting. Although local traditions generally help protect lemurs and their forests, illegal logging, widespread poverty, and political instability hinder and undermine conservation efforts. Because of these threats and their declining numbers, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) considers lemurs to be the world's most endangered mammals, noting that. He included three species under the genus Lemur: Lemur tardigradus (the red slender loris, now known as Loris tardigradus), Lemur catta (the ring- tailed lemur), and Lemur volans (the Philippine colugo, now known as Cynocephalus volans). Lemures dixi hos, quod noctu imprimis obambulant, hominibus quodanmodo similes, & lento passu vagantur. The name derives from the Latin term lemures, which refers to specters or ghosts that were exorcised during the Lemuria festival of ancient Rome. However, Dunkel et al. Like other strepsirrhine primates, such as lorises, pottos, and galagos, they share ancestral (or plesiomorphic) traits with early primates. In this regard, lemurs are popularly confused with ancestral primates; however, lemurs did not give rise to monkeys and apes (simians). Instead, they evolved independently in isolation on Madagascar. A more recent hypothesis is that lemurs descended from lorisoids (loris- like) primates. This is supported by comparative studies of the cytochrome b gene and the presence of the strepsirrhine toothcomb in both groups. Instead of being the direct ancestors of lemurs, the adapiforms may have given rise to both the lemurs and lorisoids, a split that would be supported by molecular phylogenetic studies. The later split between lemurs and lorises is thought to have occurred approximately 6. Since ancestral lemurs are thought to have originated in Africa around 6. Mozambique Channel, a deep channel between Africa and Madagascar with a minimum width of about 5. In 1. 91. 5, paleontologist. William Diller Matthew noted that the mammalian biodiversity on Madagascar (including lemurs) can only be accounted for by random rafting events, where very small populations rafted from nearby Africa on tangled mats of vegetation, which get flushed out to sea from major rivers. In the 1. 94. 0s, American paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson coined the term . The ocean currents were shown to be even stronger than today, which would have pushed a raft along faster, shortening the trip to 3. As the continental plates drifted northward, the currents gradually changed, and by 2. Malagasy fauna from mainland Africa. They were also spared from having to compete with monkeys, which evolved later. The intelligence, aggression, and deceptiveness of monkeys gave them an advantage over other primates in exploiting the environment. Distribution and diversity. Lemurs have adapted to fill many open ecological niches since making their way to Madagascar. Their diversity in both behavior and morphology (outward appearance) rivals that of the monkeys and apes found elsewhere in the world. Ranging in size from the 3. Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, the world's smallest primate, to the recently extinct 1. These traits can include seasonal fat storage, hypometabolism (including torpor and hibernation), small group sizes, low encephalization (relative brain size), cathemerality (activity both day and night), and strict breeding seasons. Extreme resource limitations and seasonal breeding are also thought to have given rise to three other relatively common lemur traits: female social dominance, sexual monomorphism, and male. However, early settlers quickly converted the forests to rice paddies and grassland through slash- and- burn agriculture (known locally as tavy), restricting lemurs to approximately 1. Today, the diversity and complexity of lemur communities increases with floral diversity and precipitation and is highest in the rainforests of the east coast, where precipitation and floral diversity are also at their highest. Despite their adaptations for weathering extreme adversity, habitat destruction and hunting have resulted in lemur populations declining sharply, and their diversity has diminished, with the recent extinction of at least 1. Most of the approximately 1. Unless trends change, extinctions are likely to continue. Until recently, giant lemurs existed on Madagascar. Now represented only by recent or subfossil remains, they were modern forms that were once part of the rich lemur diversity that has evolved in isolation. Some of their adaptations were unlike those seen in their living relatives. All 1. 7 extinct lemurs were larger than the extant (living) forms, some weighing as much as 2. Not only were they unlike the living lemurs in both size and appearance, they also filled ecological niches that either no longer exist or are now left unoccupied. Large parts of Madagascar, which are now devoid of forests and lemurs, once hosted diverse primate communities that included more than 2. Taxonomic classification and phylogeny. From a taxonomic standpoint, the term . The term is now used in the colloquial sense in reference to all Malagasy primates. Lemur taxonomy is controversial, and not all experts agree, particularly with the recent increase in the number of recognized species. In one taxonomy, infraorder Lemuriformes contains all living strepsirrhines in two superfamilies, Lemuroidea for all lemurs and Lorisoidea for the lorisoids (lorisids and galagos). In another taxonomy published by Colin Groves, the aye- aye was placed in its own infraorder, Chiromyiformes, while the rest of the lemurs were placed in Lemuriformes and the lorisoids in Lorisiformes. Although it is generally agreed that the aye- aye is the most basal member of the lemur clade, the relationship between the other four families is less clear since they diverged during a narrow 1. Late Eocene (4. 2 mya) and into the Oligocene (3. One of the greatest challenges has been the classification of the aye- aye, which has been a topic of debate up until very recently. Until Richard Owen published a definitive anatomical study in 1. Daubentonia) was a primate, rodent, or marsupial. However, the placement of the aye- aye within the order Primates remained problematic until very recently. Based on its anatomy, researchers have found support for classifying the genus Daubentonia as a specialized indriid, a sister group to all strepsirrhines, and as an indeterminate taxon within the order Primates. Molecular tests have now shown Daubentoniidae is basal to all Lemuriformes. To further complicate the issue, several Paleogene fossil primates from outside Madagascar, such as Bugtilemur, have been classified as lemurs. Formerly grouped in the same family due to similarities in dentition, they are no longer considered to be closely related due to genetic studies. The most noticeable revisions included the gradual split of a broadly defined genus Lemur into separate genera for the ring- tailed lemur, ruffed lemurs, and brown lemurs due to a host of morphological differences. Due to several taxonomic revisions by Russell Mittermeier, Colin Groves, and others, the number of recognized lemur species has grown from 3. Since classifications ultimately depend on the species concept used, conservationists often favor definitions that result in the splitting of genetically distinct populations into separate species to gain added environmental protection. Others favor a more thorough analysis. They include the smallest primates in the world and, until recently, also included some of the largest. They currently range in size from about 3. Texas Veterinary Records - Disciplinary Documents. Delivered. legend drugs (Xylazine) to an unlicensed individual when he knew, or. Respondent has no patient records reflecting amounts.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
November 2017
Categories |